2024 and 2025 Tax Brackets

In 2024 and 2025, federal income tax rates remain unchanged across seven brackets: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%. However, the income thresholds for these brackets are adjusted annually based on inflation. This adjustment helps prevent bracket creep, where taxpayers might move into higher brackets simply due to cost-of-living increases.

For 2024, the income thresholds for federal tax brackets increased by 3.1%, while for 2025, they rose by 2.7%. Although the ranges for each bracket change to reflect inflation, the tax rates themselves remain the same through the end of 2025, as established by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Let's take a look at the tables.

Instructions: Click the Single, Married Filing Jointly (MFJ), Married Filing Separately (MFS), and Head of Household (HOH) status buttons above each table to toggle their visibility. The filing status buttons allow you to compare Single brackets with Head of Household brackets, for example.

Income Tax Calculator for 2024 and 2025

Calculate your federal tax bracket and income tax rate using the calculator below. Select the tax year, filing status, the number of children under age 17, and age and disability deductions, if applicable. Enter your total income from wages and click calculate. We explain how the calculator works next.

What Is My Tax Bracket?

Your tax bracket refers to the highest percentage rate applied to your taxable income. However, more broadly, a tax bracket is a range of income taxed at a specific rate. The US federal income tax system uses seven tax brackets, with rates ranging from 10% to 37%. For example, if you say your tax bracket is 22%, it means that the next dollar you earn will be taxed at 22%.

Income tax rates are often discussed using terms such as tax bracket, marginal rate, average rate, and effective rate. While these terms are related, they represent different ways of looking at how your income is taxed. In the calculator above, your marginal rate is the same as your tax bracket rate.

Single vs Married Tax Brackets

The term marriage tax penalty describes situations where married couples pay more taxes than they would if they filed separately as single individuals. This scenario typically applies to higher income returns above $500,000 (see the bracket tables above). At lower income levels, the federal tax brackets for married couples are doubled to ensure they are not penalized. Let's look at two examples.

Example 1: Single filer with $100,000 in income, the effective tax rate is only 13.84%, despite some of their income falling into the 22% tax bracket.

Example 2: Married Filing Jointly filers with $200,000 in income, the effective tax rate is only 13.84%, despite some of their income falling into the 22% tax bracket.

The two examples above show that both the single filer with $100,000 in income and the married couple with $200,000 in income ended up with the same effective tax rate and marginal tax rate. There is no marriage tax penalty, as both filing statuses resulted in the same effective tax rate.

These simplified examples do not account for phaseouts of credits or deductions that can impact the comparison at lower income levels.

How Much Is The Standard Deduction?

By subtracting the applicable standard deduction from your total income, you arrive at your taxable income. Your taxable income is then used to determine how much federal tax you owe. If you itemize deductions, your taxable income may be lower. For simplicity, we use the standard deduction in our calculations.

For 2024, the standard deductions are as follows:

• Single: $14,600
• Married Filing Jointly: $29,200
• Married Filing Separately: $14,600
• Head of Household: $21,900

For 2025, the standard deductions are:

• Single: $15,000
• Married Filing Jointly: $30,000
• Married Filing Separately: $15,000
• Head of Household: $22,500

Age and legally blind deductions also change each year due to inflation adjustments. For the 2024 tax year, the additional age deduction is $1,950 for single and $1,550 for married filing jointly. For 2025, the additional age deduction is $2,000 for single and $1,600 for married filing jointly. The legally blind deductions are the same as the age deduction amounts.

What Is My Effective Tax Rate?

Your effective tax rate is the percentage of tax you owe on your total income. The effective tax rate is the most useful representation of how much income tax you paid for the year.

Looking at IRS Form 1040, you may notice several adjustments to income and sources of income taxed at lower rates, such as capital gains, dividends, and retirement income. IRS Form 1040 also accumulates tax credits and taxes you have already paid for the year.

Our federal tax bracket calculator takes a simplified approach and assumes that your income is primarily from employee wages and that you will take the standard deduction. We included the age and blindness portion of the standard deduction and the standard child tax credit.

Formula for the effective tax rate:

Effective Tax Rate = Income Tax ÷ Total Income

To get there, however, we have to make a few assumptions and additional calculations as follows:

• Total Income = Employee Wages
• Total Deductions = Standard + Age + Blind
• Taxable Income = Total Income - Total Deductions
• Income Tax = Sum of taxes from applicable brackets.
• Tax Liability = Income Tax - Child Tax Credit

Do I need to learn all of these formulas? No, we are just trying to demonstrate how our federal tax bracket calculator works. Next are two examples of how to calculate your effective tax rate.

Effective Tax Rate Calculation Examples

Example 1: Single Filer with $100,000 Total Income

Let's consider a single filer with a total income of $100,000 in 2024. The single filer has no children and does not select the additional standard deductions:

• Total Income: $100,000
• Standard Deduction: $14,600
• Taxable Income: $100,000 - $14,600 = $85,400

Apply the 2024 tax brackets to the taxable income:

• The first $11,600 is taxed at 10%, resulting in $1,160 of tax.
• Income from $11,601 to $47,150 is taxed at 12%, resulting in $4,266 of tax.
• Income from $47,151 to $85,400 is taxed at 22%, resulting in $8,415 of tax.

Calculate income tax and the effective tax rate:

• Income Tax: $1,160 + $4,266 + $8,415 = $13,841
• Effective Tax Rate: ($13,841 / $100,000) = 0.1384
• Convert to Percent: 0.1384 * 100 = 13.84%

This means that although the highest tax rate applied was 22%, the average or effective tax rate is 13.84%.

Example 2: Married Filing Jointly with $200,000 Total Income

Let's consider a married couple filing jointly with a total income of $200,000 in 2024. The married couple has no children and does not select the additional standard deductions:

• Total Income: $200,000
• Standard Deduction: $29,200
• Taxable Income: $200,000 - $29,200 = $170,800

Apply the 2024 tax brackets to the taxable income:

• The first $23,200 is taxed at 10%, resulting in $2,320 of tax.
• Income from $23,201 to $94,300 is taxed at 12%, resulting in $8,532 of tax.
• Income from $94,301 to $170,800 is taxed at 22%, resulting in $16,830 of tax.

Calculate income tax and the effective tax rate:

• Income Tax: $2,320 + $8,532 + $16,830 = $27,682
• Effective Tax Rate: ($27,682 / $200,000) = 0.1384
• Convert to Percent: 0.1384 * 100 = 13.84%

Again, although the highest tax rate applied was 22%, the average or effective tax rate is 13.84%.

The Takeaway

Knowing the federal income tax brackets and how they apply rates to your income can help you understand how much you will pay on your 2024 tax return and help you plan for 2025. Use the federal tax bracket calculator on this page to quickly calculate your effective tax rate, marginal tax rate, and tax bracket.

Last updated: November 26, 2024

Income Tax Rates